Lumikizanani nafe

gawo makonda zilipo kuti akwaniritse zofuna zapadera za makasitomala, ndi kutsatira mfundo zofunika mafakitale ndi mikhalidwe mayeso.Panthawi yogulitsa, ogulitsa athu azidziwitsa makasitomala zachidziwitso choyambirira cha ma module omwe adalamulidwa, kuphatikiza njira yokhazikitsira, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso kusiyana pakati pa ma module achizolowezi ndi makonda.Momwemonso, othandizira azidziwitsanso makasitomala awo otsika zatsatanetsatane wa ma module osinthidwa.

Timapereka mafelemu akuda kapena asiliva kuti akwaniritse zopempha za makasitomala ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma module.Tikupangira ma module owoneka bwino amtundu wakuda padenga la nyumba ndi makoma omangira makatani.Mafelemu akuda kapena asiliva samakhudza zokolola za module.

Perforation ndi kuwotcherera si ovomerezeka chifukwa akhoza kuwononga dongosolo lonse la gawo, kuti kupitirira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makina Kutsegula mphamvu pa utumiki wotsatira, zomwe zingachititse kuti ming'alu zosaoneka mu ma modules choncho zimakhudza mphamvu zokolola.

Mphamvu zokolola za gawoli zimadalira zinthu zitatu: kuwala kwa dzuwa (H--peak hours), module nameplate power rating (watts) ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo (Pr) (nthawi zambiri imatengedwa pafupifupi 80%), kumene mphamvu zonse zokolola zimakhala. zotsatira za zinthu zitatu izi;mphamvu zokolola = H x W x Pr.Mphamvu yoyikidwa imawerengedwa pochulukitsa mphamvu ya nameplate ya module imodzi ndi chiwerengero cha ma modules mu dongosolo.Mwachitsanzo, pa ma module 10 285 W omwe adayikidwa, mphamvu yoyika ndi 285 x 10 = 2,850 W.

Kupititsa patsogolo zokolola za mphamvu zomwe zimapindula ndi ma modules a PV a bifacial poyerekeza ndi ma modules ochiritsira kumadalira kuwonetsera pansi, kapena albedo;kutalika ndi azimuth ya tracker kapena racking ina yoyikidwa;ndi chiŵerengero cha kuwala kwachindunji ndi kuwala kobalalika m'derali (masiku abuluu kapena imvi).Poganizira izi, kuchuluka kwa kuwongolera kuyenera kuwunikidwa potengera momwe malo opangira magetsi a PV alili.Kukula kwamphamvu kwa Bifacial Energy kumachokera ku 5-20%.

Ma modules a toenergy ayesedwa mwamphamvu ndipo amatha kulimbana ndi mphepo yamkuntho mpaka ku Giredi 12. Ma modules amakhalanso ndi kalasi ya IP68 yopanda madzi, ndipo amatha kupirira matalala osachepera 25 mm kukula kwake.

Ma module a monofacial ali ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka 25 chopangira mphamvu zamagetsi, pomwe magwiridwe antchito a ma module awiri amatsimikizika kwa zaka 30.

Ma module a Bifacial ndi okwera mtengo pang'ono kuposa ma module a monofacial, koma amatha kupanga mphamvu zambiri pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenera.Pamene mbali yam'mbuyo ya gawoli sichitsekedwa, kuwala komwe kumalandiridwa ndi kumbuyo kwa gawo la bifacial module kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri zokolola za mphamvu.Komanso, galasi-galasi encapsulation dongosolo la bifacial gawo ali bwino kukana kukokoloka kwa chilengedwe ndi nthunzi madzi, mchere-mpweya chifunga, etc. Monofacial zigawo ndi oyenera makhazikitsidwe m'madera mapiri ndi kugawira m'badwo padenga ntchito.

Magawo amagetsi amagetsi a photovoltaic modules akuphatikizapo voltage yotseguka (Voc), transfer current (Isc), voltage yogwira ntchito (Um), yogwiritsa ntchito pano (Im) ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri (Pm).
1) Pamene U = 0 pamene magawo abwino ndi oipa a chigawocho ndi ofupikitsidwa, zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyi ndizofupikitsa.Pamene materminal zabwino ndi zoipa za chigawocho si olumikizidwa kwa katundu, voteji pakati zabwino ndi zoipa materminal chigawo ndi lotseguka dera voteji.
2) Mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa zimadalira kuwala kwa dzuwa, kugawa kwa mawonekedwe, kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kukula kwa katundu, zomwe zimayesedwa pansi pa STC standard (STC imatanthawuza mawonedwe a AM1.5, mphamvu ya radiation ndi 1000W / m2, kutentha kwa chigawo pa 25 ° C)
3) Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi voteji yomwe ikugwirizana ndi malo okwera kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mphamvu yaikulu.

Mphamvu yotseguka yamagetsi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma module a photovoltaic ndi yosiyana, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mu module ndi njira yolumikizira, yomwe ili pafupi 30V ~ 60V.Zigawozo zilibe zosinthira zamagetsi payekha, ndipo magetsi amapangidwa pamaso pa kuwala.Mphamvu yotseguka yamagetsi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma module a photovoltaic ndi yosiyana, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mu module ndi njira yolumikizira, yomwe ili pafupi 30V ~ 60V.Zigawozo zilibe zosinthira zamagetsi payekha, ndipo magetsi amapangidwa pamaso pa kuwala.

Mkati mwa gawo la photovoltaic ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor, ndipo mpweya wabwino / woipa pansi si mtengo wokhazikika.Kuyeza kwachindunji kudzawonetsa mphamvu yoyandama ndikuwola mwachangu mpaka 0, yomwe ilibe phindu lothandizira.Ndibwino kuti muyese voteji yotseguka pakati pa ma terminals abwino ndi oipa a module pansi pa kuyatsa kwakunja.

Pakali pano ndi magetsi a magetsi a dzuwa amagwirizana ndi kutentha, kuwala, ndi zina zotero. Voteji);ntchito ya zigawo Kutentha ndi -40 ° C-85 ° C, kotero kusintha kwa kutentha sikudzakhudza kupanga mphamvu kwa magetsi.

Mphamvu yotseguka ya gawoli imayesedwa pansi pa STC (1000W / ㎡irradiance, 25 ° C).Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yowunikira, kutentha, komanso kulondola kwa chida choyesera panthawi yodziyesera, magetsi otseguka ozungulira ndi dzina la nameplate adzayambitsidwa.Pali kupatuka poyerekezera;(2) The yachibadwa lotseguka dera voteji kutentha koyenera ndi za -0.3(-) -0.35%/℃, kotero kupatuka mayeso ndi zokhudzana ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi 25 ℃ pa nthawi ya mayeso, ndi lotseguka dera voteji. chifukwa cha kuwala Kusiyanitsa sikudzapitirira 10%.Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, kupatuka pakati pa voteji yotseguka yowonekera pamalowo ndi mtundu weniweni wa nameplate kuyenera kuwerengedwa molingana ndi momwe kuyeza komweku, koma nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 15%.

Ikani zigawozo molingana ndi zomwe zidavotera pano, ndikuyika chizindikiro ndikuzisiyanitsa pazigawozo.

Kawirikawiri, inverter yofanana ndi gawo lamagetsi imakonzedwa molingana ndi zofunikira za dongosolo.Mphamvu ya inverter yosankhidwa iyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya photovoltaic cell array.Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya photovoltaic inverter imasankhidwa kuti ikhale yofanana ndi mphamvu zonse zowonjezera, kuti zisunge ndalama.

Kwa mapangidwe a photovoltaic system, sitepe yoyamba, ndi sitepe yovuta kwambiri, ndiyo kufufuza mphamvu za dzuwa ndi deta yokhudzana ndi zanyengo pamalo omwe polojekitiyi imayikidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Deta yazanyengo, monga ma radiation adzuwa, mafunde, ndi liwiro la mphepo, ndi data yofunika kwambiri popanga makinawa.Pakadali pano, zanyengo zamalo aliwonse padziko lapansi zitha kufunsidwa kwaulere kuchokera ku database ya NASA ya National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1. Chilimwe ndi nyengo yomwe magetsi a m'nyumba amakhala ambiri.Kuyika nyumba zopangira magetsi a photovoltaic kumatha kupulumutsa ndalama zamagetsi.
2. Kuyika magetsi a photovoltaic kuti agwiritse ntchito pakhomo akhoza kusangalala ndi chithandizo cha boma, komanso akhoza kugulitsa magetsi ochulukirapo ku gridi, kuti apeze phindu la dzuwa, lomwe lingathe kuchita zambiri.
3. Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic omwe amaikidwa padenga amakhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, komwe kungachepetse kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi madigiri 3-5.Ngakhale kutentha kwa nyumba kumayendetsedwa, kungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya.
4. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.M'chilimwe, masiku amakhala aatali ndipo usiku ndi waufupi, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ya malo opangira magetsi ndi yaitali kuposa nthawi zonse, kotero kuti mphamvu yopangira magetsi idzawonjezeka mwachibadwa.

Malingana ngati pali kuwala, ma modules adzapanga magetsi, ndipo chithunzi chopangidwa ndi chithunzi chimakhala chofanana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala.Zigawozi zidzagwiranso ntchito pansi pa kuwala kochepa, koma mphamvu yotulutsa idzakhala yaying'ono.Chifukwa cha kuwala kofooka usiku, mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma modules sikwanira kuyendetsa inverter kuti igwire ntchito, kotero ma modules nthawi zambiri samapanga magetsi.Komabe, pansi pa zovuta kwambiri monga kuwala kwa mwezi wamphamvu, dongosolo la photovoltaic likhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri.

Photovoltaic modules makamaka amapangidwa ndi maselo, filimu, backplane, galasi, chimango, mphambano bokosi, riboni, silika gel osakaniza ndi zipangizo zina.Tsamba la batri ndilofunika kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu;zina zonse zimapereka chitetezo cha ma CD, kuthandizira, kugwirizanitsa, kukana nyengo ndi ntchito zina.

Kusiyana pakati pa monocrystalline modules ndi polycrystalline modules ndikuti maselo ndi osiyana.Maselo a monocrystalline ndi maselo a polycrystalline ali ndi mfundo yofanana yogwirira ntchito koma njira zopangira zosiyana.Maonekedwe amakhalanso osiyana.Batire ya monocrystalline imakhala ndi arc chamfering, ndipo batri ya polycrystalline ndi rectangle wathunthu.

Mbali yakutsogolo yokha ya monofacial module ingathe kupanga magetsi, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri za module ya bifacial zimatha kupanga magetsi.

Pali wosanjikiza wa ❖ kuyanika filimu pamwamba pa pepala batire, ndi kusinthasintha ndondomeko mu processing ndondomeko kumabweretsa kusiyana makulidwe a filimu wosanjikiza, zomwe zimapangitsa maonekedwe a batire pepala amasiyana buluu wakuda.Maselo amasanjidwa panthawi yopanga ma module kuti atsimikizire kuti mtundu wa maselo mkati mwa gawo limodzi umakhala wofanana, koma padzakhala kusiyana kwamitundu pakati pa ma module osiyanasiyana.Kusiyanitsa kwa mtundu ndiko kusiyana kokha kwa maonekedwe a zigawozo, ndipo sikukhala ndi zotsatira pa ntchito yopangira mphamvu ya zigawozo.

Magetsi opangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules ndi a panopa, ndipo malo ozungulira ma electromagnetic ndi okhazikika, ndipo samatulutsa mafunde a electromagnetic, choncho sangapange ma radiation a electromagnetic.

Ma module a photovoltaic padenga amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.
1. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ukhondo wa chigawocho (kamodzi pamwezi), ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsuka ndi madzi oyera.Poyeretsa, samalani ndi ukhondo wa chigawocho, kuti mupewe malo otentha a chigawocho chifukwa cha dothi lotsalira;
2. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi kwa thupi komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zingatheke popukuta zigawozo pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwala kwakukulu, nthawi yoyeretsa imakhala m'mawa ndi madzulo popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa;
3. Yesetsani kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe udzu, mitengo, ndi nyumba zapamwamba kuposa gawo lakummawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kumwera, kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa gawoli.Udzu ndi mitengo yapamwamba kuposa gawoli iyenera kudulidwa mu nthawi kuti zisatseke ndi kusokoneza gawoli.kupanga mphamvu.

Chigawocho chikawonongeka, ntchito yamagetsi yamagetsi imachepetsedwa, ndipo pali chiopsezo cha kutayikira ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.Ndibwino kuti musinthe chigawocho ndi chatsopano mwamsanga mphamvu ikatha.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya Photovoltaic imakhaladi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo monga nyengo zinayi, usana ndi usiku, ndi mitambo kapena dzuwa.Mu nyengo yamvula, ngakhale kuti palibe kuwala kwa dzuwa, mphamvu zopangira magetsi a photovoltaic zidzakhala zochepa, koma sizimasiya kupanga mphamvu.Ma module a Photovoltaic amasungabe kusinthika kwakukulu pansi pa kuwala kobalalika kapena ngakhale kuwala kofooka.
Zinthu zanyengo sizingathe kuyendetsedwa, koma kuchita ntchito yabwino yosunga ma module a photovoltaic m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kungathenso kuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.Zigawozi zitayikidwa ndikuyamba kupanga magetsi mwachizolowezi, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kungathe kugwirizana ndi ntchito ya malo opangira magetsi, ndipo kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kumatha kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi lina pamwamba pa zigawozo ndikuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.

1. Sungani mpweya wabwino, fufuzani nthawi zonse kutentha kwa kutentha kuzungulira inverter kuti muwone ngati mpweya ukhoza kuyendayenda bwino, kuyeretsa nthawi zonse zishango pazigawo, fufuzani nthawi zonse ngati mabakiti ndi zomangira zigawo zili zotayirira, ndipo fufuzani ngati zingwe zikuwonekera. ndi zina zotero.
2. Onetsetsani kuti palibe udzu, masamba akugwa ndi mbalame kuzungulira pokwerera magetsi.Kumbukirani kuti musawume mbewu, zovala, ndi zina zotero pa ma modules a photovoltaic.Malo ogonawa sangangokhudza mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso amachititsa kuti ma modules azikhala otentha kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zomwe zingatheke.
3. Ndi zoletsedwa kupopera madzi pazigawo kuti aziziziritsa panthawi ya kutentha kwakukulu.Ngakhale njira yamtundu wotereyi imatha kuziziritsa, ngati malo anu opangira magetsi sakutetezedwa bwino ndi madzi panthawi yopanga ndi kukhazikitsa, pakhoza kukhala chiwopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.Kuonjezera apo, kugwira ntchito kwa madzi owaza kuti azizire ndikufanana ndi "mvula yopangira dzuwa", yomwe idzachepetsenso mphamvu zopangira magetsi.

Kuyeretsa pamanja ndi kuyeretsa loboti kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira ziwiri, zomwe zimasankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a chuma chamagetsi ndi zovuta kukhazikitsa;tcheru chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ndondomeko yochotsa fumbi: 1. Panthawi yoyeretsa zigawozo, ndizoletsedwa kuima kapena kuyenda pazigawo kuti tipewe mphamvu ya m'deralo pazigawo Extrusion;2. Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa kwa gawo kumadalira kuthamanga kwa fumbi ndi zitosi za mbalame pamwamba pa gawoli.Malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi zishango zochepa nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa kawiri pachaka.Ngati chitetezo ndi chachikulu, chikhoza kuwonjezeka moyenerera malinga ndi mawerengedwe a zachuma.3. Yesani kusankha tsiku la m'mawa, madzulo kapena mitambo pamene kuwala kuli kofooka (kunyezimira kumakhala kotsika kuposa 200W/㎡) poyeretsa;4. Ngati galasi, backplane kapena chingwe cha module chawonongeka, chiyenera kusinthidwa mu nthawi musanayambe kuyeretsa kuti muteteze kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.

1. Zing'onozing'ono pamsana wa gawolo zidzapangitsa kuti nthunzi yamadzi ilowe mu gawoli ndikuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa gawoli, zomwe zimabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha chitetezo;
2. Kuchita ndi kukonza kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumayang'anira kuyang'ana kusakhazikika kwa zokopa za ndege zam'mbuyo, dziwani ndikuthana nazo munthawi yake;
3. Kwa zigawo zowonongeka, ngati zokopa sizili zakuya ndipo sizikudutsa pamwamba, mungagwiritse ntchito tepi yokonza ndege yomwe imatulutsidwa pamsika kuti muwakonzere.Ngati mikwingwirima ndi yayikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mwachindunji.

1. Poyeretsa module, ndizoletsedwa kuima kapena kuyenda pa ma modules kuti mupewe extrusion yam'deralo ya ma modules;
2. Kuchuluka kwa ma module oyeretsera kumadalira kuthamanga kwachangu kwa zinthu zotsekereza monga fumbi ndi zitosi za mbalame pamwamba pa module.Malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi zotchingira zochepa nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera kawiri pachaka.Ngati kutsekereza kuli kwakukulu, kumatha kuonjezedwa moyenerera malinga ndi kuwerengera kwachuma.
3. Yesani kusankha m'mawa, madzulo kapena mitambo pamene kuwala kuli kofooka (kunyezimira kumakhala kotsika kuposa 200W/㎡) poyeretsa;
4. Ngati galasi, backplane kapena chingwe cha module chawonongeka, chiyenera kusinthidwa mu nthawi musanayambe kuyeretsa kuti muteteze kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.

Kuthamanga kwa madzi oyeretsa kumalimbikitsidwa kukhala ≤3000pa kutsogolo ndi ≤1500pa kumbuyo kwa module (kumbuyo kwa gawo la mbali ziwiri kumafunika kutsukidwa kuti apange mphamvu, ndipo kumbuyo kwa gawo lachidziwitso sikuvomerezeka) .~8 pa.

Kwa dothi lomwe silingachotsedwe ndi madzi oyera, mutha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira magalasi, mowa, methanol ndi zosungunulira zina malinga ndi mtundu wa dothi.Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga abrasive ufa, abrasive cleanant agent, ochapa otsuka, makina opukuta, sodium hydroxide, benzene, nitro thinner, asidi amphamvu kapena alkali wamphamvu.

Zokuthandizani: (1) Muzionetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa gawoli ndi aukhondo (kamodzi pamwezi), ndipo nthawi zonse muziyeretsa ndi madzi oyera.Mukamayeretsa, samalani ndi ukhondo wa pamwamba pa module kuti mupewe malo otentha pa module chifukwa cha dothi lotsalira.Nthawi yoyeretsa ndi m'mawa ndi madzulo pamene palibe kuwala kwa dzuwa;(2) Yesetsani kuonetsetsa kuti palibe udzu, mitengo ndi nyumba zapamwamba kuposa gawo lakummawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera, kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa gawoli, ndikuchepetsa udzu ndi mitengo yapamwamba kuposa gawoli mu nthawi kuti mupewe kutsekeka. Zimakhudza mphamvu yopangira zigawo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zopangira ma modules a bifacial poyerekeza ndi ma modules ochiritsira kumadalira zinthu zotsatirazi: (1) kuwonetsetsa kwa nthaka (yoyera, yowala);(2) kutalika ndi kupendekera kwa chithandizo;(3) kuwala kwachindunji ndi kufalikira kwa dera kumene kuli Chiŵerengero cha kuwala (mlengalenga ndi wabuluu kwambiri kapena wotuwa);choncho, ikuyenera kuwunikidwa molingana ndi momwe malo opangira magetsi alili.

Ngati pali occlusion pamwamba pa gawoli, sipangakhale malo otentha, zimatengera momwe zilili zenizeni za occlusion.Zidzakhala ndi zotsatira pa kupanga magetsi, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kuziwerengera ndipo zimafuna akatswiri odziwa ntchito kuti aziwerengera.

Pakalipano ndi magetsi a magetsi a PV amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kuwala ndi zina.Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusinthasintha kwa magetsi ndi magetsi chifukwa kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha ndi kuwala kumakhala kosasintha: kutentha kumakwera, kutsika kwa magetsi ndi kumtunda kwa magetsi, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ya kuwala, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yamakono imakwera. ndi.Ma modules amatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa -40 ° C--85 ° C kotero kuti zokolola zamphamvu za PV power plant zidzakhudzidwa.

Ma modules amawoneka abuluu ponseponse chifukwa cha filimu yotsutsa-reflective pamwamba pa maselo.Komabe, pali kusiyana kwina kwa mtundu wa ma modules chifukwa cha kusiyana kwina kwa makulidwe a mafilimu otere.Tili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofananira, kuphatikiza buluu wosaya, buluu wopepuka, buluu wapakati, buluu wakuda ndi buluu wakuya pama module.Komanso, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya PV yopanga mphamvu imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya ma modules, ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi kusiyana kulikonse kwa mtundu.

Kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira, yang'anani ukhondo wa malo omwe ali ndi module mwezi uliwonse ndikutsuka ndi madzi oyera nthawi zonse.Chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa pakuyeretsa kwathunthu pamwamba pa ma modules kuti muteteze mapangidwe a malo otentha pa ma modules omwe amayamba chifukwa cha dothi lotsalira ndi dothi, ndipo ntchito yoyeretsa iyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena usiku.Komanso, musalole zomera, mitengo ndi zomangamanga zomwe zili zazitali kuposa ma modules kumbali ya kummawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera, kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa gululo.Kudulira pa nthawi yake mitengo iliyonse ndi zomera zotalika kuposa ma modules ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muteteze mthunzi ndi zotsatira zomwe zingatheke pa zokolola za mphamvu za ma modules (kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani bukhu loyeretsa.

Mphamvu zokolola za PV power plant zimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo nyengo ya malo ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo.Pazikhalidwe zautumiki wabwinobwino, zokolola zamphamvu zimadalira makamaka ma radiation adzuwa ndi mikhalidwe yoyika, zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zigawo ndi nyengo.Kuonjezera apo, timalimbikitsa kumvetsera kwambiri kuwerengera mphamvu ya pachaka ya dongosolo m'malo mongoganizira za zokolola za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Malo omwe amati ndi ovuta kumapiri amakhala ndi mitsinje yokhazikika, maulendo angapo opita kumalo otsetsereka, komanso zovuta za geological and hydrological.Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe, gulu lokonzekera liyenera kuganizira mozama kusintha kulikonse komwe kungatheke pazithunzi.Ngati sichoncho, ma modules akhoza kubisika kuchokera ku dzuwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta panthawi yomanga ndi kumanga.

Kupanga magetsi kwamapiri a PV kuli ndi zofunikira zina za mtunda ndi kolowera.Nthawi zambiri, ndi bwino kusankha chiwembu chathyathyathya chokhala ndi malo otsetsereka kumwera (pamene otsetsereka ndi osakwana madigiri 35).Ngati malowo ali ndi malo otsetsereka kuposa madigiri 35 kum'mwera, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zomanga koma zokolola zambiri zamphamvu komanso malo ang'onoang'ono ndi malo otsetsereka, zingakhale bwino kuganiziranso za kusankha malo.Zitsanzo zachiwiri ndi malo omwe ali ndi malo otsetsereka kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera chakumadzulo, otsetsereka kummawa, ndi kumadzulo (kumene otsetsereka ndi osachepera madigiri 20).Kulowera kumeneku kuli ndi mipata yotalikirana pang'ono komanso malo akulu akulu, ndipo amatha kuganiziridwa malinga ngati otsetserekawo sakhala otsetsereka kwambiri.Zitsanzo zomaliza ndi malo omwe ali ndi mthunzi wotsetsereka kumpoto.Kuwongolera uku kumalandira kutsekemera kocheperako, kutulutsa mphamvu pang'ono komanso malo akulu akulu.Ziwembu zotere ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono momwe zingathere.Ngati ziwembu zotere ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi bwino kusankha malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka osakwana madigiri 10.

Madera amapiri amakhala ndi zotsetsereka mosiyanasiyana komanso mosiyanasiyana motsetsereka, ngakhalenso maphompho akuya kapena zitunda m'madera ena.Choncho, dongosolo lothandizira liyenera kupangidwa mosinthasintha momwe zingathere kuti lizitha kusinthasintha kumadera ovuta: o Sinthani ma racking aatali kukhala ofupikitsa.o Gwiritsirani ntchito ma racking omwe amatha kusinthika kumtunda: Thandizo la mizere imodzi yokhala ndi kusiyana kosinthika kwa kutalika kwa ndime, chithandizo chokhazikika cha mulu umodzi, kapena kuthandizira kutsatira ndi ngodya yokwera.o Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chokhazikika chautali chokhazikika, chomwe chingathandize kuthana ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa mizati.

Timapereka mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kake ndi kafufuzidwe katsamba koyambirira kwachitukuko kuti tichepetse kuchuluka kwa malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zomera zamagetsi za PV zokomera zachilengedwe ndizokonda zachilengedwe, zokomera gululi komanso zokomera makasitomala.Poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ochiritsira magetsi, iwo ndi apamwamba pa zachuma, ntchito, teknoloji ndi mpweya.

Mbadwo wokha komanso wodzigwiritsira ntchito wowonjezera mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu imatanthawuza kuti mphamvu yopangidwa ndi makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu okha, ndipo mphamvu yowonjezera imagwirizanitsidwa ndi grid.Ndi chitsanzo cha bizinesi chamagetsi ogawidwa a photovoltaic.Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, malo olumikizira gridi a photovoltaic akhazikitsidwa Pambali yonyamula ya mita ya wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mita ya metering ya photovoltaic reverse power transmission kapena kukhazikitsa mita yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya gridi ku metering ya njira ziwiri.Mphamvu ya photovoltaic yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi wogwiritsa ntchito mwiniwakeyo akhoza kusangalala mwachindunji ndi mtengo wogulitsa wa gridi yamagetsi m'njira yopulumutsira magetsi.Magetsi amayezedwa padera ndi kukhazikitsidwa pa mtengo wamagetsi woperekedwa pa gridi.

Kugawidwa kwa magetsi a photovoltaic kumatanthawuza njira yopangira magetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogawidwa, imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zoyikapo, ndipo imakonzedwa pafupi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi yokhala ndi mulingo wamagetsi osakwana 35 kV kapena kutsika.Amagwiritsa ntchito ma modules a photovoltaic kuti asinthe mwachindunji mphamvu ya dzuwa.za mphamvu zamagetsi.Ndi mtundu watsopano wamagetsi opangira magetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mokwanira komanso chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko.Imalimbikitsa mfundo zopangira magetsi pafupi, kulumikizana ndi gridi pafupi, kutembenuka kwapafupi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupi.Sizingangowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi za photovoltaic zofanana, komanso mogwira mtima Izo zimathetsa vuto la kutayika kwa mphamvu panthawi yopititsa patsogolo ndi maulendo aatali.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi yogawidwa ya photovoltaic imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu yoyika dongosolo.Mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi gridi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuvomereza kwa kampani ya gridi yofikira.Nthawi zambiri, mabanja amagwiritsa ntchito AC220V kuti alumikizane ndi gridi, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito malonda amatha kusankha AC380V kapena 10kV kuti alumikizane ndi gridi.

Kutentha ndi kuteteza kutentha kwa greenhouses nthawi zonse kwakhala vuto lalikulu lomwe likuvutitsa alimi.Malo obiriwira obiriwira a Photovoltaic akuyembekezeka kuthetsa vutoli.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, masamba ambiri sangathe kukula kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala, ndipo malo obiriwira obiriwira a photovoltaic ali ngati kuwonjezera A spectrometer imayikidwa, yomwe imatha kupatula kuwala kwa infrared ndikuletsa kutentha kwambiri kulowa mu wowonjezera kutentha.M'nyengo yozizira ndi usiku, imathanso kulepheretsa kuwala kwa infrared mu wowonjezera kutentha kuti asatulukire kunja, komwe kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoteteza kutentha.Zomera zaulimi za Photovoltaic zimatha kupereka mphamvu zowunikira mu greenhouses zaulimi, ndipo mphamvu yotsalayo imathanso kulumikizidwa ku gridi.Mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa grid photovoltaic, akhoza kutumizidwa ndi dongosolo la LED kuti atseke kuwala masana kuti zitsimikizire kukula kwa zomera ndi kupanga magetsi nthawi imodzi.Dongosolo la usiku la LED limapereka kuyatsa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya masana.Zithunzi za Photovoltaic zitha kukhazikitsidwanso m'mayiwe a nsomba, maiwe amatha kupitiliza kukweza nsomba, ndipo ma photovoltaic arrays angaperekenso malo abwino osungira nsomba, zomwe zimathetsa bwino kutsutsana pakati pa chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka.Choncho, greenhouses zaulimi ndi maiwe a nsomba Zogawidwa za photovoltaic mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kukhazikitsidwa.

Nyumba zamafakitale m'mafakitale: makamaka m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi magetsi ochulukirapo komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri pamagetsi ogula pa intaneti, nthawi zambiri nyumba za fakitale zimakhala ndi denga lalikulu komanso madenga otseguka komanso osalala, omwe ndi oyenera kuyika ma photovoltaic arrays komanso chifukwa chachikulu. katundu wamagetsi, makina olumikizidwa ndi gridi ya photovoltaic akhoza kudyedwa kwanuko kuti athetse gawo la mphamvu zogulira pa intaneti, potero kupulumutsa mabilu amagetsi a ogwiritsa ntchito.
Nyumba zamalonda: Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zamapaki a mafakitale, kusiyana kwake ndikuti nyumba zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi denga la simenti, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kukhazikitsa ma photovoltaic arrays, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zofunikira za aesthetics za nyumba.Malinga ndi nyumba zamalonda, nyumba zamaofesi, mahotela, malo ochitira misonkhano, malo ochitirako tchuthi, ndi zina zotero. .
Malo aulimi: Pali madenga ambiri omwe amapezeka m'madera akumidzi, kuphatikizapo nyumba zodzipangira okha, malo odyetserako masamba, maiwe a nsomba, ndi zina zotero. Madera akumidzi nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapeto kwa gridi yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yochepa.Kumanga makina a photovoltaic omwe amagawidwa m'madera akumidzi amatha kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha magetsi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Municipal ndi nyumba zina zaboma: Chifukwa cha kasamalidwe kogwirizana, kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito odalirika komanso machitidwe abizinesi, komanso chidwi chachikulu pakukhazikitsa, nyumba zamatauni ndi nyumba zina zaboma ndizoyeneranso kumangidwa kwapakati komanso kolumikizana kwa ma photovoltaics ogawidwa.
Madera akutali a zaulimi ndi aziŵeta ndi zisumbu: Chifukwa cha mtunda wa gridi yamagetsi, padakali anthu mamiliyoni ambiri opanda magetsi m’madera akutali aulimi ndi aubusa, komanso pazisumbu za m’mphepete mwa nyanja.Off-grid photovoltaic systems kapena Complementary with other power sources, micro-grid power generation system ndiyoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maderawa.

Choyamba, zikhoza kukwezedwa m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana ndi maofesi a boma m'dziko lonselo kuti apange nyumba yogawidwa ya photovoltaic mphamvu yopangira magetsi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosiyanasiyana zam'deralo ndi malo a anthu kuti akhazikitse dongosolo logawira magetsi kuti likwaniritse gawo la magetsi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. ndikupereka mabizinesi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri atha kupereka magetsi opanga;
Chachiwiri ndi chakuti chikhoza kukwezedwa kumadera akutali monga zilumba ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi magetsi ochepa komanso opanda magetsi kuti apange machitidwe opangira magetsi opanda magetsi kapena ma micro-grids.Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwachitukuko chachuma, palinso anthu ena kumadera akutali m'dziko langa omwe sanathetse vuto lalikulu la kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.Ntchito zama grid nthawi zambiri zimadalira kukulitsa ma gridi akuluakulu, magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi, magetsi ang'onoang'ono amafuta ndi magetsi ena.Ndizovuta kwambiri kukulitsa gridi yamagetsi, ndipo malo opangira magetsi ndiatali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala opanda mphamvu.Kukula kwa magetsi omwe amagawidwa pagululi sikungangothetsa vuto la kuchepa kwa magetsi Anthu okhala m'malo opanda mphamvu amakhala ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, komanso amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'deralo moyenera komanso moyenera, kuthetsa kutsutsana pakati pa mphamvu ndi magetsi. chilengedwe.

Kugawidwa kwa magetsi a photovoltaic kumaphatikizapo mafomu ogwiritsira ntchito monga grid-connected, off-grid ndi multi-energy complementary micro-grids.Kupanga magetsi olumikizidwa ndi ma gridi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pafupi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.Gulani magetsi ku gridi pamene magetsi kapena magetsi sakukwanira, ndipo gulitsani magetsi pa intaneti pakakhala magetsi ochulukirapo.Off-grid distributed photovoltaic magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumadera akutali ndi zilumba.Sichikulumikizidwa ku gridi yayikulu yamagetsi, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito njira yake yopangira mphamvu ndi njira yosungiramo mphamvu kuti ipereke mwachindunji mphamvu pazonyamula.Dongosolo logawidwa la photovoltaic lingathenso kupanga makina opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu zambiri ndi njira zina zopangira magetsi, monga madzi, mphepo, kuwala, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito modziyimira pawokha ngati gridi yaying'ono kapena kuphatikizidwa mu gridi ya network. ntchito.

Pakalipano, pali njira zambiri zothetsera ndalama zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana.Ndalama zochepa zokha zoyambira zimafunikira, ndipo ngongoleyo imabwezeredwa kudzera muzopeza kuchokera ku mphamvu zamagetsi chaka chilichonse, kuti athe kusangalala ndi moyo wobiriwira womwe umabweretsedwa ndi photovoltaics.