Lumikizanani nafe

Ma module okonzedwa mwamakonda amapezeka kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za makasitomala, ndipo akutsatira miyezo yoyenera yamakampani ndi mikhalidwe yoyesera. Panthawi yogulitsa, ogulitsa athu adzadziwitsa makasitomala za mfundo zoyambira za ma module olamulidwa, kuphatikiza njira yokhazikitsira, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso kusiyana pakati pa ma module achikhalidwe ndi omwe amasinthidwa mwamakonda. Mofananamo, othandizira adzadziwitsanso makasitomala awo amtsogolo za tsatanetsatane wa ma module okonzedwa mwamakonda.

Timapereka mafelemu akuda kapena asiliva a ma module kuti akwaniritse zopempha za makasitomala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma module. Timalimbikitsa ma module okongola akuda a padenga ndi makoma omangira makatani. Mafelemu akuda kapena asiliva sakhudza mphamvu ya module.

Kuboola ndi kuwotcherera sikuvomerezeka chifukwa kungawononge kapangidwe ka module yonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yokweza zinthu iwonongeke panthawi ya ntchito zomwe zikubwera, zomwe zingayambitse ming'alu yosaoneka m'ma module ndipo motero zimakhudza mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya module kumadalira zinthu zitatu: kuwala kwa dzuwa (H--peak hours), kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya module nameplate (watts) ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa dongosolo (Pr) (nthawi zambiri kumatengedwa pafupifupi 80%), komwe kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yonse ndi zotsatira za zinthu zitatuzi; kuchuluka kwa mphamvu = H x W x Pr. Mphamvu yoyikidwa imayikidwa pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya nameplate ya module imodzi ndi chiwerengero chonse cha ma module mu dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, pa ma module 10 285 W omwe aikidwa, mphamvu yoyikidwa ndi 285 x 10 = 2,850 W.

Kukweza mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka ndi ma module a bifacial PV poyerekeza ndi ma module wamba kumadalira kuwunikira kwa nthaka, kapena albedo; kutalika ndi azimuth ya tracker kapena racking ina yomwe yayikidwa; ndi chiŵerengero cha kuwala mwachindunji ndi kuwala kofalikira m'derali (masiku abuluu kapena imvi). Poganizira izi, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kuyenera kuyesedwa kutengera momwe malo opangira magetsi a PV alili. Kukweza mphamvu zomwe zili m'magawo awiri kumayambira pa 5--20%.

Ma module a Toenergy ayesedwa bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kupirira liwiro la mphepo yamkuntho mpaka Giredi 12. Ma modulewa alinso ndi giredi yosalowa madzi ya IP68, ndipo amatha kupirira bwino matalala aatali osachepera 25 mm.

Ma module a monofacial ali ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka 25 chopangira magetsi moyenera, pomwe magwiridwe antchito a ma module a bifacial ndi otsimikizika kwa zaka 30.

Ma module a bifacial ndi okwera mtengo pang'ono kuposa ma module a monofacial, koma amatha kupanga mphamvu zambiri pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyenera. Pamene mbali yakumbuyo ya module siitsekedwa, kuwala komwe kumalandiridwa ndi mbali yakumbuyo ya bifacial module kumatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka galasi-galasi ka module ya bifacial kamakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha nthunzi yamadzi, chifunga cha mchere, ndi zina zotero. Ma module a monofacial ndi oyenera kwambiri kuyikidwa m'malo amapiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito denga logawika.

Magawo amagetsi a ma module a photovoltaic ndi monga voteji yotseguka (Voc), mphamvu yotumizira (Isc), voteji yogwirira ntchito (Um), mphamvu yogwirira ntchito (Im) ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa (Pm).
1) Pamene U=0 pamene magawo abwino ndi oipa a gawo la gawolo afupikitsidwa, mphamvu yamagetsi panthawiyi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa. Pamene ma terminal abwino ndi oipa a gawolo salumikizidwa ku katundu, mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ma terminal abwino ndi oipa a gawolo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotseguka.
2) Mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa imadalira kuwala kwa dzuwa, kufalikira kwa ma spectral, kutentha komwe kumagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi kukula kwa katundu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yokhazikika ya STC (STC imatanthauza AM1.5 spectrum, mphamvu ya radiation yomwe ikuchitika ndi 1000W/m2, kutentha kwa gawo pa 25°C)
3) Voliyumu yogwira ntchito ndi voliyumu yofanana ndi mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu yogwira ntchito ndi mphamvu yayikulu yofanana ndi mphamvu yayikulu.

Voltage yotseguka ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma module a photovoltaic ndi yosiyana, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mu module ndi njira yolumikizira, yomwe ndi pafupifupi 30V ~ 60V. Zigawo zilibe ma switch amagetsi osiyanasiyana, ndipo voteji imapangidwa pamaso pa kuwala. Voltage yotseguka ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma module a photovoltaic ndi yosiyana, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mu module ndi njira yolumikizira, yomwe ndi pafupifupi 30V ~ 60V. Zigawo zilibe ma switch amagetsi osiyanasiyana, ndipo voteji imapangidwa pamaso pa kuwala.

Mkati mwa module ya photovoltaic ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor, ndipo voltage yabwino/yoipa yomwe imafika pansi si yokhazikika. Kuyeza mwachindunji kudzawonetsa voltage yoyandama ndipo kudzawola mofulumira kufika pa 0, komwe kulibe phindu lothandiza. Ndikofunikira kuyeza voltage yotseguka pakati pa ma terminal abwino ndi oipa a module pansi pa kuwala kwakunja.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya magetsi a dzuwa zimagwirizana ndi kutentha, kuwala, ndi zina zotero. Popeza kutentha ndi kuwala nthawi zonse zimasintha, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zimasinthasintha (kutentha kwambiri ndi mphamvu yochepa, kutentha kwakukulu ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba; kuwala kwabwino, mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba ndi mphamvu yamagetsi); ntchito ya zigawozo Kutentha ndi -40°C-85°C, kotero kusintha kwa kutentha sikukhudza kupanga magetsi kwa malo opangira magetsi.

Voliyumu yotseguka ya gawo la module imayesedwa malinga ndi momwe STC (1000W/㎡irradiance, 25°C). Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe ya radiation, mikhalidwe ya kutentha, ndi kulondola kwa chida choyesera panthawi yodziyesa, voliyumu yotseguka ya gawo ndi voliyumu ya nameplate zidzayambitsidwa. Pali kusiyana poyerekeza; (2) Chofunikira cha kutentha kwa voliyumu yotseguka ya gawo lamagetsi ndi pafupifupi -0.3(-)-0.35%/℃, kotero kusiyana kwa mayeso kukugwirizana ndi kusiyana pakati pa kutentha ndi 25℃ panthawi yoyesa, ndi voliyumu yotseguka ya gawo lamagetsi chifukwa cha kuwala. Kusiyanaku sikudzapitirira 10%. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, kusiyana pakati pa voliyumu yotseguka ya dera lodziwika pamalopo ndi mtundu weniweni wa nameplate kuyenera kuwerengedwa malinga ndi malo enieni oyezera, koma nthawi zambiri sikudzapitirira 15%.

Gawani zigawozo molingana ndi mphamvu yoyezedwa, ndipo zilembeni ndi kuzisiyanitsa pa zigawozo.

Kawirikawiri, inverter yogwirizana ndi gawo la mphamvu imakonzedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za dongosololi. Mphamvu ya inverter yosankhidwa iyenera kufanana ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya gulu la maselo a photovoltaic. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yotulutsa yoyesedwa ya inverter ya photovoltaic imasankhidwa kuti ikhale yofanana ndi mphamvu yonse yolowera, kotero kuti ndalama zisungidwe.

Pakupanga makina a photovoltaic, gawo loyamba, komanso lofunika kwambiri, ndikusanthula mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi deta yokhudzana ndi nyengo pamalo omwe pulojekitiyi yakhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Deta ya nyengo, monga kuwala kwa dzuwa, mvula, ndi liwiro la mphepo, ndi deta yofunika kwambiri popanga makinawo. Pakadali pano, deta ya nyengo ya malo aliwonse padziko lapansi ikhoza kufunsidwa kwaulere kuchokera ku database ya nyengo ya NASA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1. Chilimwe ndi nyengo yomwe magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba. Kukhazikitsa magetsi amagetsi a photovoltaic m'nyumba kungathandize kuchepetsa ndalama zamagetsi.
2. Kuyika magetsi a photovoltaic kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panyumba kungapindule ndi ndalama zothandizira boma, komanso kungagulitse magetsi ochulukirapo ku gridi, kuti mupeze phindu la kuwala kwa dzuwa, lomwe lingathandize pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
3. Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic omwe ali padenga ali ndi mphamvu yoteteza kutentha, zomwe zingachepetse kutentha kwa mkati ndi madigiri 3-5. Ngakhale kutentha kwa nyumbayo kumayendetsedwa bwino, kungachepetse kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa choziziritsira mpweya.
4. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'chilimwe, masiku amakhala ataliatali ndipo usiku ndi waufupi, ndipo maola ogwirira ntchito a siteshoni yamagetsi amakhala ataliatali kuposa masiku onse, kotero kupanga magetsi kudzawonjezeka mwachibadwa.

Malingana ngati pali kuwala, ma module apanga magetsi, ndipo mphamvu yopangidwa ndi chithunzi imagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala. Zigawozo zimagwiranso ntchito ngati kuwala kochepa, koma mphamvu yotulutsa idzakhala yochepa. Chifukwa cha kuwala kofooka usiku, mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma module sikokwanira kuyendetsa inverter kuti igwire ntchito, kotero ma module nthawi zambiri sapanga magetsi. Komabe, ngati zinthu zili zovuta kwambiri monga kuwala kwa mwezi kwamphamvu, makina a photovoltaic akhoza kukhalabe ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri.

Ma module a Photovoltaic amapangidwa makamaka ndi maselo, filimu, backplane, galasi, chimango, bokosi lolumikizira, riboni, silika gel ndi zinthu zina. Batire ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga magetsi; zinthu zina zonse zimapereka chitetezo cha ma CD, chithandizo, mgwirizano, kukana nyengo ndi ntchito zina.

Kusiyana pakati pa ma module a monocrystalline ndi ma module a polycrystalline ndikuti maselo ndi osiyana. Ma cell a monocrystalline ndi ma cell a polycrystalline ali ndi mfundo yofanana yogwirira ntchito koma njira zopangira zimasiyana. Mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyana. Batire ya monocrystalline ili ndi arc chamfering, ndipo batire ya polycrystalline ndi rectangle yonse.

Mbali yakutsogolo ya gawo la monofacial yokha ndi yomwe ingapange magetsi, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri za gawo la bifacial ndi zomwe zingapange magetsi.

Pali filimu yophimba pamwamba pa pepala la batire, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa njira yopangira zinthu kumabweretsa kusiyana kwa makulidwe a pepala la batire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a pepala la batire azisiyana kuyambira buluu mpaka wakuda. Maselo amasankhidwa panthawi yopanga gawo kuti atsimikizire kuti mtundu wa maselo omwe ali mkati mwa gawo lomwelo ndi wofanana, koma padzakhala kusiyana kwa mitundu pakati pa ma module osiyanasiyana. Kusiyana kwa mtundu ndi kusiyana kokha kwa mawonekedwe a zigawo, ndipo sikukhudza magwiridwe antchito opangira magetsi a zigawo.

Magetsi opangidwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic ndi a direct current, ndipo malo ozungulira a electromagnetic field ndi okhazikika, ndipo satulutsa mafunde a electromagnetic, kotero sadzapanga ma radiation a electromagnetic.

Ma module a photovoltaic padenga ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.
1. Yang'anani ukhondo wa pamwamba pa chinthu (kamodzi pamwezi), ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsuke ndi madzi oyera. Mukamatsuka, samalani ukhondo wa pamwamba pa chinthucho, kuti mupewe malo otentha a chinthucho chifukwa cha dothi lotsala;
2. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi m'thupi komanso kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake popukuta zinthuzo pansi pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuwala kwamphamvu, nthawi yoyeretsa ndi m'mawa ndi madzulo popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa;
3. Yesetsani kuonetsetsa kuti palibe udzu, mitengo, ndi nyumba zazitali kuposa module kum'mawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera chakumadzulo, ndi kumadzulo kwa module. Udzu ndi mitengo zazitali kuposa module ziyenera kudulidwa nthawi yake kuti zisatseke ndikusokoneza kupanga magetsi kwa module.

Chigawocho chikawonongeka, mphamvu yamagetsi yotetezera kutentha imachepa, ndipo pamakhala chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Ndikofunikira kusintha gawolo ndi latsopano mwamsanga magetsi akangozima.

Kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic module kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo monga nyengo zinayi, usana ndi usiku, komanso mitambo kapena dzuwa. Mu nyengo yamvula, ngakhale kulibe kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic power plants kudzakhala kochepa, koma sikuletsa kupanga mphamvu. Ma photovoltaic modules amakhalabe ndi mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu kwambiri pansi pa kuwala kofalikira kapena ngakhale kuwala kofooka.
Zinthu za nyengo sizingalamuliridwe, koma kuchita bwino posamalira ma module a photovoltaic m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kungathandizenso kupanga magetsi. Zinthu zikayikidwa ndikuyamba kupanga magetsi nthawi zonse, kuwunika pafupipafupi kumatha kutsata momwe malo opangira magetsi amagwirira ntchito, ndipo kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kumatha kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi lina pamwamba pa zinthuzo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zopangira magetsi.

1. Sungani mpweya wabwino, yang'anani nthawi zonse kutentha komwe kumazungulira inverter kuti muwone ngati mpweya ukuyenda bwino, yeretsani nthawi zonse zishango pazigawo, yang'anani nthawi zonse ngati mabulaketi ndi zomangira za zigawo zili zotayirira, ndikuwona ngati zingwe zili poyera.
2. Onetsetsani kuti palibe udzu, masamba ogwa ndi mbalame kuzungulira malo opangira magetsi. Kumbukirani kuti musaumitse mbewu, zovala, ndi zina zotero pa ma module a photovoltaic. Malo osungira awa sadzangokhudza kupanga magetsi okha, komanso angayambitse zotsatira za ma module, zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
3. N'koletsedwa kupopera madzi pazigawo kuti zizizire panthawi yotentha kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti njira yamtunduwu ya dothi ingakhale ndi mphamvu yoziziritsira, ngati malo anu opangira magetsi sanatetezedwe bwino panthawi yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa, pakhoza kukhala chiopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opopera kuti azizire kuli kofanana ndi "mvula ya dzuwa yopangira", yomwe idzachepetsanso kupanga magetsi pa malo opangira magetsi.

Robot yoyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa ndi manja ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira ziwiri, zomwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi makhalidwe a mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi komanso zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito; chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pa njira yochotsera fumbi: 1. Pa nthawi yoyeretsa zigawo, n'koletsedwa kuyimirira kapena kuyenda pa zigawo kuti tipewe mphamvu yapafupi pa zigawozo. Kutulutsa; 2. Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa gawo kumadalira liwiro la fumbi ndi ndowe za mbalame zomwe zimasonkhana pamwamba pa gawolo. Malo opangira magetsi omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa nthawi zambiri amayeretsedwa kawiri pachaka. Ngati chitetezo chili chachikulu, chikhoza kuwonjezeka moyenera malinga ndi kuwerengera kwachuma. 3. Yesani kusankha tsiku la m'mawa, madzulo kapena mitambo pamene kuwala kuli kofooka (kuwala kuli kotsika kuposa 200W/㎡) poyeretsa; 4. Ngati galasi, kumbuyo kwa galimoto kapena chingwe cha gawolo chawonongeka, chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi isanayeretsedwe kuti tipewe kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.

1. Kukanda kumbuyo kwa module kudzapangitsa kuti nthunzi ya madzi ilowe mu module ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya kutenthetsa ya module, zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha chitetezo;
2. Kusamalira ndi kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kumayang'anitsitsa kuti muwone ngati pali zolakwika pa mikwingwirima ya msana, kudziwa ndi kuthana nazo pa nthawi yake;
3. Pazigawo zokanda, ngati mikwingwirima siili yozama ndipo siikudutsa pamwamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tepi yokonza kumbuyo yomwe yatulutsidwa pamsika kuti muikonze. Ngati mikwingwirimayo ndi yayikulu, tikukulimbikitsani kuisintha mwachindunji.

1. Poyeretsa gawoli, n'koletsedwa kuyimirira kapena kuyenda pa ma module kuti mupewe kutuluka kwa ma module m'deralo;
2. Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa kwa gawo kumadalira liwiro la zinthu zotsekereza monga fumbi ndi ndowe za mbalame pamwamba pa gawoli. Malo opangira magetsi omwe ali ndi zotsekereza zochepa nthawi zambiri amayeretsa kawiri pachaka. Ngati kutsekereza kuli kwakukulu, kumatha kuwonjezeredwa moyenera malinga ndi kuwerengera kwachuma.
3. Yesani kusankha m'mawa, madzulo kapena masiku a mitambo pamene kuwala kuli kofooka (kuwala kwake kuli kochepera 200W/㎡) poyeretsa;
4. Ngati galasi, chivundikiro cha kumbuyo kapena chingwe cha module chawonongeka, chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi isanakwane kuti chisawonongeke ndi magetsi.

Kuthamanga kwa madzi oyeretsera kumalimbikitsidwa kukhala ≤3000pa kutsogolo ndi ≤1500pa kumbuyo kwa module (kumbuyo kwa module yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri kuyenera kutsukidwa kuti ipange magetsi, ndipo kumbuyo kwa module yachizolowezi sikuvomerezeka). ~8 pakati.

Pa dothi lomwe silingachotsedwe ndi madzi oyera, mungasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira magalasi zamafakitale, mowa, methanol ndi zosungunulira zina malinga ndi mtundu wa dothi. N'koletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga ufa wokhuthala, chotsukira chokhwima, chotsukira chotsukira, makina opukutira, sodium hydroxide, benzene, nitro thinner, strong acid kapena strong alkali.

Malangizo: (1) Yang'anani ukhondo wa pamwamba pa module nthawi zonse (kamodzi pamwezi), ndipo nthawi zonse muyeretse ndi madzi oyera. Mukayeretsa, samalani ukhondo wa pamwamba pa module kuti mupewe malo otentha pa module chifukwa cha dothi lotsala. Nthawi yoyeretsa ndi m'mawa ndi madzulo pamene kulibe kuwala kwa dzuwa; (2) Yesetsani kuonetsetsa kuti palibe udzu, mitengo ndi nyumba zazitali kuposa module kum'mawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadzulo kwa module, ndikudula udzu ndi mitengo zazitali kuposa module panthawi yake kuti mupewe kutsekedwa. Zimakhudza kupanga magetsi kwa zigawo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga mphamvu kwa ma module awiriawiri poyerekeza ndi ma module wamba kumadalira zinthu zotsatirazi: (1) kuwunikira kwa nthaka (yoyera, yowala); (2) kutalika ndi kupendekera kwa chithandizo; (3) kuwala mwachindunji ndi kufalikira kwa malo omwe ali Chiŵerengero cha kuwala (thambo ndi labuluu kwambiri kapena imvi pang'ono); chifukwa chake, liyenera kuyesedwa malinga ndi momwe malo opangira magetsi alili.

Ngati pali kutsekeka pamwamba pa module, sipangakhale malo otentha, zimatengera momwe zinthu zilili zenizeni. Zidzakhudza kupanga magetsi, koma kutsekeka kwake n'kovuta kuwerengera ndipo kumafuna akatswiri aluso kuti awerenge.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya PV imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, kuwala ndi zina. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi chifukwa kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuwala kumakhala kosalekeza: kutentha kukakhala kwakukulu, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yotsika ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yokwera, ndipo mphamvu ya kuwala imakhala yokwera, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yokwera. Ma module amatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa -40°C--85°C kotero mphamvu yamagetsi ya PV idzakhudzidwa.

Ma module onse amawoneka abuluu chifukwa cha utoto wa filimu wosawala pamwamba pa maselo. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwina kwa mtundu wa ma module chifukwa cha kusiyana kwina kwa makulidwe a mafilimu otere. Tili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhazikika, kuphatikizapo buluu wosaya, buluu wopepuka, buluu wapakati, buluu wakuda ndi buluu wozama wa ma module. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mphamvu ya PV kumalumikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya ma module, ndipo sikukhudzidwa ndi kusiyana kulikonse kwa mitundu.

Kuti mphamvu ya zomera ikhale yabwino, yang'anani ukhondo wa malo a module mwezi uliwonse ndipo nthawi zonse muzitsuke ndi madzi oyera. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri poyeretsa malo a module kuti mupewe kupangika kwa malo otentha pa module chifukwa cha dothi lotsala ndi dothi, ndipo ntchito yoyeretsa iyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena usiku. Komanso, musalole zomera, mitengo ndi nyumba zomwe ndi zazitali kuposa ma module omwe ali kumbali ya kum'mawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa mzerewu. Kudulira mitengo ndi zomera zomwe zili zazitali kuposa ma module panthawi yake kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mupewe mthunzi komanso kuwononga mphamvu ya ma module (kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani buku lothandizira kuyeretsa).

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chomera chamagetsi cha PV kumadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo nyengo ya malo ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili mu dongosololi. Munthawi yantchito yabwinobwino, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumadalira makamaka kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi momwe zimakhalira, zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa madera ndi nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, tikupangira kuti tiganizire kwambiri kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pachaka m'malo mongoyang'ana kwambiri pa kuchuluka kwa zokolola za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Malo otchedwa malo ovuta a mapiri ali ndi zigwa zopingasa, kusintha kambiri kupita ku mapiri, komanso mikhalidwe yovuta ya geological ndi hydrological. Poyamba kupanga, gulu lopanga mapulani liyenera kuganizira mokwanira kusintha kulikonse komwe kungachitike pa malo. Ngati sichoncho, ma modules akhoza kubisika ku dzuwa lachindunji, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto omwe angakhalepo panthawi yokonza ndi kumanga.

Kupanga magetsi a PV m'mapiri kuli ndi zofunikira zina pa malo ndi momwe angayang'anire. Kawirikawiri, ndi bwino kusankha malo athyathyathya okhala ndi malo otsetsereka akum'mwera (pamene malo otsetsereka ali ochepera madigiri 35). Ngati malo ali ndi malo otsetsereka opitirira madigiri 35 kum'mwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuvutika kumanga koma mphamvu zambiri komanso malo ochepa okhala ndi malo, kungakhale bwino kuganiziranso za kusankha malo. Zitsanzo zachiwiri ndi malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka akum'mwera chakum'mawa, malo otsetsereka akum'mwera chakumadzulo, malo otsetsereka akum'mawa, ndi malo otsetsereka akumadzulo (komwe malo otsetsereka ali ochepera madigiri 20). Malo otsetserekawa ali ndi malo otsetsereka akuluakulu komanso malo akuluakulu, ndipo akhoza kuganiziridwa bola ngati malo otsetserekawo sali otsetsereka kwambiri. Zitsanzo zomaliza ndi malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka akumpoto okhala ndi mthunzi. Malo otsetserekawa amalandira kupendekera kochepa, mphamvu zochepa komanso malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo. Malo oterewa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono momwe angathere. Ngati malo oterewa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi bwino kusankha malo okhala ndi malo otsetsereka ochepera madigiri 10.

Malo amapiri ali ndi malo otsetsereka okhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso malo otsetsereka osiyanasiyana, komanso ngakhale zigwa kapena mapiri akuya m'madera ena. Chifukwa chake, njira yothandizira iyenera kupangidwa mosinthasintha momwe zingathere kuti ikhale yosinthika ku malo ovuta: o Sinthani malo otsetsereka kukhala malo otsetsereka aafupi. o Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe ka malo otsetsereka komwe kamasintha kwambiri ku malo: chithandizo cha mulu wa mzere umodzi chokhala ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa mizati yosinthika, chithandizo chokhazikika cha mulu umodzi, kapena chithandizo chotsata ndi ngodya yokwezeka yosinthika. o Gwiritsani ntchito chithandizo cha chingwe chokhazikika chomwe chili ndi nthawi yayitali, chomwe chingathandize kuthana ndi kusalingana pakati pa mizati.

Timapereka kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe ndi malo omwe alipo pachiyambi cha chitukuko kuti tichepetse kuchuluka kwa malo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malo opangira magetsi a PV omwe ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe, ndi abwino kwa gridi yamagetsi komanso abwino kwa makasitomala. Poyerekeza ndi malo opangira magetsi achizolowezi, ndi abwino kwambiri pankhani zachuma, magwiridwe antchito, ukadaulo ndi utsi woipa.

Kupanga magetsi mwadzidzidzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo kumatanthauza kuti mphamvu yopangidwa ndi makina opangira magetsi ogawidwa a photovoltaic imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi okha, ndipo mphamvu yochulukirapo imalumikizidwa ku gridi. Ndi chitsanzo cha bizinesi cha kupanga magetsi ogawidwa a photovoltaic. Pa njira yogwirira ntchito iyi, malo olumikizira magetsi a photovoltaic amayikidwa. Kumbali yonyamula ya mita ya wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera mita yoyezera magetsi kuti ipereke mphamvu yobwerera ya photovoltaic kapena kuyika mita yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi a gridi ku mita ya njira ziwiri. Mphamvu ya photovoltaic yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito mwiniwake amagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji imatha kusangalala mwachindunji ndi mtengo wogulitsa wa gridi yamagetsi mwanjira yosungira magetsi. Magetsi amayesedwa padera ndikukhazikika pamtengo wamagetsi womwe waperekedwa pa gridi.

Malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ogawidwa amatanthauza njira yopangira magetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogawidwa, ili ndi mphamvu yochepa yoyikidwa, ndipo imayikidwa pafupi ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi yokhala ndi voliyumu yochepera 35 kV kapena kutsika. Imagwiritsa ntchito ma module a photovoltaic kuti isinthe mwachindunji mphamvu ya dzuwa. yamagetsi. Ndi mtundu watsopano wamagetsi opangira magetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mokwanira ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko. Imalimbikitsa mfundo zopangira magetsi apafupi, kulumikizana kwa gridi yapafupi, kusintha kwapafupi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupi. Sikuti imangowonjezera bwino kupanga magetsi amagetsi a photovoltaic a mulingo womwewo, komanso moyenera. Imathetsa vuto la kutayika kwa magetsi panthawi yokweza mphamvu ndi mtunda wautali.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ya makina ogawa magetsi a photovoltaic imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa ya makinawo. Mphamvu yeniyeni yolumikizidwa ndi gridi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa makina olowera a kampani ya gridi. Nthawi zambiri, mabanja amagwiritsa ntchito AC220V kuti alumikizane ndi gridi, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amalonda amatha kusankha AC380V kapena 10kV kuti alumikizane ndi gridi.

Kusunga kutentha ndi kutentha kwa nyumba zobiriwira nthawi zonse kwakhala vuto lalikulu lomwe limavutitsa alimi. Nyumba zobiriwira zaulimi za photovoltaic zikuyembekezeka kuthetsa vutoli. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, mitundu yambiri ya ndiwo zamasamba sizimakula bwino kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembala, ndipo nyumba zobiriwira za photovoltaic zili ngati kuwonjezera. Spectrometer imayikidwa, yomwe imatha kulekanitsa kuwala kwa infrared ndikuletsa kutentha kwambiri kulowa mu nyumba zobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira ndi usiku, imathanso kuletsa kuwala kwa infrared mu nyumba zobiriwira kuti kusatuluke kunja, komwe kumakhala ndi mphamvu yosunga kutentha. Nyumba zobiriwira za photovoltaic zaulimi zimatha kupereka mphamvu yofunikira pakuwunikira m'nyumba zobiriwira zaulimi, ndipo mphamvu yotsalayo imathanso kulumikizidwa ku gridi. Mu nyumba yobiriwira ya photovoltaic yakunja kwa gridi, imatha kuyikidwa ndi makina a LED kuti atseke kuwala masana kuti atsimikizire kukula kwa zomera ndikupanga magetsi nthawi yomweyo. Dongosolo la LED la usiku limapereka kuwala pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya masana. Ma photovoltaic arrays amathanso kumangidwa m'madziwe a nsomba, maiwe amatha kupitiliza kuweta nsomba, ndipo ma photovoltaic arrays amathanso kupereka malo abwino osungiramo nsomba, zomwe zimathetsa bwino kusiyana pakati pa chitukuko cha mphamvu zatsopano ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okhala. Chifukwa chake, malo obiriwira a ulimi ndi maiwe a nsomba Makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ogawidwa akhoza kukhazikitsidwa.

Nyumba za mafakitale m'munda wa mafakitale: makamaka m'mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri pogula magetsi pa intaneti, nthawi zambiri nyumba za fakitale zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu a denga ndi denga lotseguka komanso lathyathyathya, zomwe ndizoyenera kuyika ma photovoltaic arrays ndipo chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu, makina olumikizidwa ndi gridi ya photovoltaic yogawidwa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'deralo kuti athetse gawo la mphamvu yogulira pa intaneti, potero kusunga ndalama zamagetsi za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Nyumba zamalonda: Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi za mapaki a mafakitale, kusiyana kwake ndikuti nyumba zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi denga la simenti, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kukhazikitsa ma photovoltaic arrays, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zofunikira pa kukongola kwa nyumba. Malinga ndi nyumba zamalonda, nyumba zamaofesi, mahotela, malo ochitira misonkhano, malo opumulirako, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe a makampani opereka chithandizo, makhalidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera masana ndi otsika usiku, zomwe zingafanane bwino ndi makhalidwe a kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi a photovoltaic.
Malo olima: Pali madenga ambiri omwe alipo m'madera akumidzi, kuphatikizapo nyumba zodzipangira okha, malo osungira ndiwo zamasamba, maiwe a nsomba, ndi zina zotero. Malo akumidzi nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapeto kwa gridi yamagetsi ya anthu onse, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yoipa. Kumanga makina ogawa magetsi m'madera akumidzi kungathandize kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha magetsi komanso mphamvu yamagetsi.
Nyumba za boma ndi zina za anthu onse: Chifukwa cha miyezo yogwirizana yoyang'anira, kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso machitidwe abizinesi odalirika, komanso chidwi chachikulu chokhazikitsa, nyumba za boma ndi zina za anthu onse ndizoyeneranso kumanga ma photovoltaic ogawidwa pakati komanso moyandikana.
Madera akutali a ulimi ndi ziweto ndi zilumba: Chifukwa cha mtunda wa gridi yamagetsi, pakadali anthu mamiliyoni ambiri opanda magetsi m'madera akutali a ulimi ndi ziweto, komanso m'zilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Makina a photovoltaic opanda gridi kapena Zowonjezera ndi magwero ena amagetsi, makina opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera awa.

Choyamba, ikhoza kukwezedwa m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana ndi m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri mdziko lonselo kuti ipange njira yopangira magetsi yogawa nyumba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosiyanasiyana za m'deralo ndi m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri kuti ikhazikitse njira yopangira magetsi yogawa kuti ikwaniritse gawo la kufunikira kwa magetsi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndikupereka magetsi ambiri. Makampani amatha kupereka magetsi opangira;
Chachiwiri ndichakuti ikhoza kukwezedwa m'madera akutali monga zilumba ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi magetsi ochepa komanso opanda magetsi kuti apange makina opangira magetsi opanda gridi kapena ma micro-grid. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kukula kwachuma, pakadali anthu ena m'madera akutali mdziko langa omwe sanathetse vuto lofunikira la kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Mapulojekiti a gridi amadalira kwambiri kukulitsa ma gridi akuluakulu amagetsi, magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi, magetsi ang'onoang'ono otentha ndi magetsi ena. N'kovuta kwambiri kukulitsa gridi yamagetsi, ndipo radius yamagetsi ndi yayitali kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi azikhala otsika. Kupanga magetsi osagawidwa ndi gridi sikungothetsa vuto la kusowa kwa magetsi kokha. Anthu okhala m'madera omwe ali ndi magetsi ochepa ali ndi mavuto oyambira kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ndipo amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso m'deralo mwaukhondo komanso moyenera, kuthetsa bwino kutsutsana pakati pa mphamvu ndi chilengedwe.

Kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic ogawidwa kumaphatikizapo mafomu ogwiritsira ntchito monga ma grid-connected, off-grid ndi multi-energy complementary micro-grid. Kupanga magetsi ogawidwa olumikizidwa ndi grid-connected kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pafupi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Gulani magetsi kuchokera ku grid pamene kupanga magetsi kapena magetsi sikukwanira, ndikugulitsa magetsi pa intaneti pamene pali magetsi ochulukirapo. Kupanga magetsi a photovoltaic ogawidwa opanda grid-distributed kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera akutali ndi m'madera a zilumba. Sililumikizidwa ku grid yaikulu yamagetsi, ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito njira yakeyake yopangira magetsi ndi njira yosungira mphamvu kuti lipereke mphamvu mwachindunji ku katundu. Dongosolo la photovoltaic logawidwa lingathenso kupanga njira yamagetsi yaying'ono yowonjezera mphamvu zambiri ndi njira zina zopangira magetsi, monga madzi, mphepo, kuwala, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha ngati micro-grid kapena kuphatikizidwa mu grid kuti netiweki igwire ntchito.

Pakadali pano, pali njira zambiri zachuma zomwe zingakwaniritse zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana. Ndalama zochepa zokha zoyambirira zimafunika, ndipo ngongoleyo imabwezedwa kudzera mu ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku magetsi chaka chilichonse, kuti azitha kusangalala ndi moyo wobiriwira womwe umabweretsedwa ndi ma photovoltaic.